Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a branch of biomedical sciences that uses novel

Pharmaceutical biotechnology is a branch of biomedical sciences that uses novel technologies for production, formulation, and synthesis of biological substances from the living organisms, which act as drug molecules for the treatment and/or prevention of various diseases and/or syndromes. Pharmaceutical biotechnology has a major role in drug discovery and development for the understanding of many diseases and their novel treatment strategies and therapeutic interventions. In this chapter, we have described in detail the modern concepts of different branches of biotechnology in relation to their role in drug discovery and development. Moreover, we have also discussed the different techniques, including gel electrophoresis, western blotting, polymerase chain reaction, molecular cloning, tissue culture, microarrays, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that are frequently used during the process of drug development. We have also comprehensively described the new emerging drug classes such as monoclonal antibodies, small drug molecules, protein drugs, therapeutic hormones and enzymes, cytokines, and antisense drugs that are biotechnologically derived from the genetically modified organisms.